Shoulder Subluxation vs. Dislocation: Key Differences Explained

Shoulder injuries can be confusing - especially when trying to understand the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation. Both involve the shoulder joint slipping out of place, but the severity and treatment can differ significantly. The causes and symptoms of a shoulder subluxation are different than shoulder dislocation.  Knowing which condition you're dealing with helps guide the right recovery plan.

What Is a Shoulder Subluxation?

• The humeral head slips partially out of the glenoid socket.

• The joint may "shift" or "give way," often returning on its own.

• Causes pain, instability, and increased risk of recurrence.

• Common in sports, repetitive overhead movements, and individuals with loose ligaments.

For conservative management, many people use the best shoulder brace for subluxation to stabilize the joint during recovery.

What Is a Shoulder Dislocation?

• The humeral head comes completely out of the socket.

• Typically requires emergency medical attention to reduce the joint.

• Often results in significant pain, visible deformity, and inability to move the arm.

• May damage surrounding tissues (ligaments, labrum, rotator cuff, or nerves).

Key Differences: Shoulder Subluxation vs. Dislocation

Symptoms to Watch For

Subluxation symptoms:

• Shoulder feels loose or unstable

• Pain with overhead movements

• Shoulder slips "in and out"

Dislocation symptoms:

• Sudden, severe pain

• Visible deformity or dropped shoulder

• Inability to move the arm

• Swelling, bruising, or numbness

Treatment Approaches

Subluxation

• Rest and activity modification

• Physical therapy for strengthening

• Use of a brace for shoulder subluxation to control instability

• Surgery if instability becomes chronic

Dislocation

• Immediate medical reduction by a professional

• Sling or immobilizer to allow healing

• Physical therapy to restore motion and stability

• Surgery if tissues are severely damaged or instability persists

Which Is More Serious?

Both conditions require attention, but dislocations are more severe in the short term, often requiring emergency care. Subluxations may seem less dramatic, but repeated partial slips can stretch and weaken shoulder structures, leading to long-term instability if untreated.

Final Thoughts

While the terms shoulder subluxation and dislocation are sometimes used interchangeably, they represent different levels of injury. A subluxation is partial, while a dislocation is complete. Both benefit from proper treatment, including physical therapy, and in the case of subluxations, supportive bracing can play a major role in rehabilitation after diagnosis.

Explore our full selection of shoulder subluxation braces designed to stabilize the joint and prevent painful shifting.