Understanding Patella Subluxation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Understanding Patella Subluxation: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Patella subluxation-sometimes called kneecap instability-occurs when the kneecap (patella) partially dislocates from its normal position in the femoral groove. This condition can cause pain, instability, and an increased risk of full dislocation, particularly during athletic movements or twisting motions. Early recognition and proper treatment, including the use of a patella subluxation knee brace, can improve stability, reduce symptoms, and prevent further injury.

What Causes Patella Subluxation?

Patella subluxation is often triggered by:

• Congenital factors like shallow femoral grooves or high-riding kneecaps (patella alta)

• Weakness or imbalance in the quadriceps muscles

• Trauma or forceful twisting of the knee during sports

• A history of previous patella dislocation or ligament injuries

Common Symptoms

Individuals with a subluxed patella may experience:

• A sensation of the kneecap "slipping" out of place

• Sharp pain during activity or twisting

• Swelling around the front of the knee

• Visible kneecap misalignment

• Popping or clicking sounds with movement

If not managed early, the instability can worsen, leading to recurrent subluxations or full dislocation events.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically includes a clinical exam along with imaging tests such as:

• X-rays to assess patella alignment and structure

• MRI to evaluate soft tissue injury, such as damage to the MPFL (medial patellofemoral ligament)

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Management

For most patients-especially first-time subluxators-non-surgical treatment can be highly effective. A key component of conservative care is the use of a kneecap stabilization brace, which helps keep the patella aligned during movement. These braces provide targeted compression and lateral support to prevent the kneecap from drifting out of place.

Other strategies include:

• RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

• Physical therapy to strengthen the quadriceps and gluteal muscles

• Activity modification to reduce stress on the knee

Surgical Options

Surgery is typically reserved for patients with severe instability, recurrent subluxation, or anatomical abnormalities. Common procedures include:

• MPFL reconstruction

• Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO)

• Lateral release

Post-surgical patients often require MPFL reconstruction recovery braces to protect healing tissues and gradually restore range of motion.

Choosing the Right Brace

Finding the right knee brace for subluxed patella is critical for recovery and prevention. Options range from low-profile compression sleeves to more structured patella dislocation braces with dynamic hinges or lateral buttresses.

Factors to consider:

• Level of activity (sports, walking, rehab)

• Degree of instability

• Post-surgical vs non-surgical use

• Size and fit for growing teens vs adults

Final Thoughts

Patellar subluxation is manageable with the right combination of bracing, strengthening, and professional guidance. Whether you're recovering from a recent injury or managing chronic instability, our selection of patella subluxation knee braces is designed to support you every step of the way.

Need help choosing the best option? Explore our Brace Guide or connect with our in-house professionals for personalized recommendations.